IMPROVING THE SAFETY OF MANEUVERING DURING SHIP LOCKING
Abstract
Introduction.The article discusses the current issues of safety of navigation, as well as the problem of compliance with the safety of maneuvering when locking ships. The experience of navigation and operation of large-sized vessels shows that their navigation safety is closely related to the characteristic features of inland waterways, among which are the presence of hydraulic structures, limited dimensions, the influence of currents and developed wind and wave conditions. The main type of accidents is caused by vessel impacts and collisions with berth walls and vessels standing near the berth wall. The main reasons for the high accident rate are mistakes made by navigators in choosing a safe speed and incorrect consideration of the impact of external factors on the vessel during maneuvers. At present, there are no reliable dependencies for calculating the forces arising from the hydrodynamic interaction of a moving vessel and a hydraulic structure, which does not allow developing recommendations for choosing safe speeds and crossing distances. Existing analytical dependencies for determining the safe speed of entry into the lock chamber and, as a result, the amount of ship draft do not fully reflect the peculiarities of this process and sometimes lead to significant errors. At present, there is no sufficiently reliable method for determining the elements of ship evasive maneuvers at heading angles of less than 10 degrees, which occur in the approach channels of ship passage facilities. The existing methodology for the rational layout of approach channel elements does not fully consider the peculiarities of ship traffic under conditions of significant restrictions on the dimensions of the ship's course. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the dimensions of approach channels to ship passage facilities designed to ensure safe maneuvering of ships and minimize the time of entry into and exit from the chamber to increase the throughput capacity of the facility. Results. Measures and recommendations for choosing the most optimal, from the point of view of safety, ways of maneuvering when locking ships are proposed. Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of the issue of justification of the dimensions of approach channels to ship locks, which are designed to ensure safe maneuvering of ships and minimize the time of entering and leaving the chamber to increase their throughput, showed that they do not fully consider the maneuvering qualities of ships.
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