REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING DAMAGE TO STEEL STRUCTURES OF LIFTING MACHINES
Abstract
Introduction. In the ports of Ukraine, about 95 000 forklifts are operated, which are registered with the bodies of Derzhhirpromnadzor. In this, the majority of them (72%) developed their normative resource. The average term of their operation exceeds 30 years, and the degree of physical wear and tear approaches 90%. Replenishment of the VPM fleet is carried out mostly at the expense of equipment that was in operation, and the percentage of new equipment does not exceed 20%. It should also be noted that this situation is not the same in different ports of the country. Thus, in the Black Sea Sea Trade Port, the average service life of port transshipment equipment (PPT) is 40 years. At the same time, in the port of Pivdenny, it fluctuates and is no more than 20–30 years. Purpose. Taking into account the current situation, the problem of assessing the residual resource of PPT becomes urgent. It is also necessary to take into account that over-standard operation of VPM increases the amount of repair work and may pose an increased risk in the case of untimely or poor-quality repairs. Results. The problem related to the assessment of the residual resource by port transshipment equipment is considered. There are methods for determining damage to metal structures of cargolifting machines. Due to the predominance of disadvantages when using destructive control methods, non-destructive methods are increasingly being used today. They are more promising. The work considers the most used of them. Conclusions. There is no generally accepted approach to determining the damage of metal structures of LM today. At the same time, the existing methods have a number of significant drawbacks, which include the following: most methods are based on the application of destructive control, which entails the violation of the integrity of the examined metalwork, the need for subsequent repair of the element from which metal is extracted, resulting in additional costs of time and money; practically absent studies of the main steel grade (09Г2С), of which most of the load-bearing elements of steel structures of lifting machines are made. The most promising methods of damage assessment of LM metal structures are methods of nondestructive testing, in particular, the methods based on the assessment of the hardness parameters of the metal surface layer and coercive force.
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References
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