RESEARCH OF THE REGULARITIES OF “GREEN” ENERGY AND THE WORLD TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Introduction. The article analyzes the causes of the global energy crisis and the role of green energy in its emergence, examines the patterns and global trends of its development, as well as the technological and socio-economic features of its spread. In the 70s of the XX century, green energy, based on the use of new technologies for the production of electricity from renewable sources, gained serious popularity as part of a growing environmental movement. But it wasn't until the beginning of the 21st century that a real breakthrough was made in this area, which may eventually allow these technologies to displace fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) as the main source of energy. Purpose. The main goal of the article is to find an answer to the question of to which extent it is possible to achieve the energy transition in the near future, as well as to carry out a critical analysis of published calculations of humanity energy consumption humanity in 2050, based on the need to significantly reduce the gap in the per capita energy consumption of the population of developed countries. Results. The authors researched the prerequisites and prospects for the development of renewable energy and considered the world experience of using renewable energy during the new Fourth Industrial Revolution, the feature of which, unlike the previous three, is a special account of the anthropogenic impact of activities on the environment. It is shown that the development of technologies of RES can be a driver of innovative modernization of the economy and a source of formation of a truly green economy, characterized by high-tech solutions, energy independence and reduced impact on the environment. Conclusions. Today, the energy problem is one of the most relevant for all mankind. Traditional sources such as oil, gas and other fossils are gradually becoming more scarce, expensive and, of course, environmentally. This is why solar panels, wind and solar farms, hydroelectric plants, as well as bioreactors are becoming so popular today as emerging sources of alternative or green energy, which will be discussed in more detail below. The production of electricity from RES is growing in various countries of the world, and this trend will continue in the future, so research in this direction must be continued.