EFFICIENCY OF VESSELS DEPENDING ON SPEED MODE

Abstract

The article considers the possibility of operating vessels at low speeds to achieve a significant reduction in fuel consumption and, consequently, to reduce operating costs. Cargo delivery time is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the shipping company's activity. It is investigated how the speed mode of operation of the vessel affects the time of cargo delivery and the work of the shipping company as a whole. Multicriteria analysis is used to obtain comprehensive objective information and study the problem, and a certain Pareto set becomes available to the decision maker when planning the operational mode of the vessel. In solving the problems of multicriteria analysis, first of all, the sets of decisions from which to make a choice should be defined and described. In making this choice, the decision makers may use additional criteria and considerations, or rely on their professional knowledge, experience and intuition. Fuel consumption rates are set on heat-technological tests for each vessel separately on the move and in the parking lot. Fuel consumption rates depend on climatic conditions. In winter, more fuel is consumed, as it is spent on heating cargo spaces, winches and deck mechanisms – 6-8% more than in summer. Fuel costs are the main item of expenditure when using maritime transport. Therefore, it is important to develop a set of measures aimed at reducing fuel consumption in the operation of ships. When planning the operation of vessels in tramp shipping for the transportation of heavy bulk cargo, the calculation of bunkering is carried out. The economic effect of flights depends on the balance between the amount of cargo transported and fuel reserves. It makes sense to make a plan for bunkering the ship for the flight, taking into account all the features of the route and possible ports of bunkering. This should take into account the price of fuel in each port, including the cost of delivery to the vessel, the duration of bunkering, the possibility of refueling on an external raid, which does not require payment of port dues, local customs, environmental and other special requirements. The clause on the shipowner's right to enter the intermediate port for bunkering should be included in the voyage charter. Shipowners also take into account the possibility of saving fuel from the movement of the vessel at low speed, which can give a significant economic effect in both tramp and liner and commercial and industrial shipping. The method of selection of the investment project for the purchase of a bulk carrier was substantiated in the work taking into account the possibility of its operation at different speeds.