Transport development

“GREEN” PORT DUES AS A TOOL FOR INVESTMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

V.V. Zhykharieva, N.T. Ksandinov — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. The relevance of the topic of the article is conditioned by the negative impact of transport and logistics systems on the environment. The operation of ports and sea vessels is associated with significant emissions and environmental damage. On the other hand, greening of transport infrastructure is a developing world trend, which is reflected in the investments of ship owners and the system of port dues. Purpose. The article is devoted to the generalization of current practices and technologies that directly affect the environmental consequences of transport and logistics systems, the systematization of price incentives for “green” vessels in seaports, the identification of a special form of environmental investment of port enterprises to obtain an ecological effect, and the classification of the main criteria for port dues incentives. Results. The practical experience of selected environmental indices, initiatives and incentive schemes are generalized, as well as the features of using each tool. The practices and technologies that directly affect the environmental consequences of the transport and logistics systems are systematized. The main areas of influence from the side of ship owners, ports, maritime corporations and terminals are highlighted. A special form of environmental investment of port / port administrations in the form of price incentives for “green” vessels for obtaining an ecological effect for ecosystem of port cities has been identified. Various price incentives for “green” ships in some European, Asian and American ports are summarized. The main criteria for discounts from “green” port dues are classified. Conclusions. Participation in the global and local ecological programs gives seaports the opportunity to encourage the most environmentally friendly ships, reduce the negative impact on the environment, get an ecological effect, and ship owners – to receive discounts visiting such ports and invest in the greening of the fleet. The practices and technologies, that directly affect the environmental consequences of the activities of participants in transport and logistics systems, for ship owners include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, using more environmentally friendly engines, minimizing risk of oily discharges; for ports, maritime corporations and terminals – reducing of GHG emissions and air pollutants; reducing underwater noise sources, cargo losses and waste generated during handling, transportation and storage of dry bulk, etc. Environmental protection measures in the form of price incentives for “green” vessels with the aim of obtaining an ecological effect for ecosystem of port cities can be considered as a special form of environmental investment of port enterprises. The main criteria for green port dues incentives include GHG labels for certified vessels, use zero carbon fuel, LNG as marine fuel, technologies for reduction of underwater noise, specialized types of vessels that meet certain environmental requirement, and port time duration.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND POTENTIAL OF CHINA-UKRAINE AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION UNDER THE “BELT AND ROAD” INITIATIVE

Meng Dongxue, Inna Lapkina — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. Based on the complementary advantages of agricultural resources and production factors between China and Ukraine, this article analyzes the current situation of agricultural product trade and investment between China and Ukraine through a comparison of macroeconomic, land resources, population, and agricultural production. Purpose. Located along the “Belt and Road”, Ukraine is one of the first countries to participate in the “Belt and Road” construction. China and Ukraine should carry out in-depth cooperation in agricultural investment, agricultural product trade, deep processing of agricultural products and agricultural technology. Results. Ukraine is a key country for China’s foreign investment along the “Belt and Road”. The Chinese and Ukrainian governments have signed a series of documents and agreements to promote the cooperation and development of China-Ukraine agriculture. Through China’s agricultural investment in Ukraine, it can effectively promote the complementary combination of agricultural technology, capital and production factors between China and Ukraine, promote the rapid development of agricultural production, planting and agricultural product processing. The China-Ukraine Agricultural Technology Park is in its early stages, with a small scale and a lack of investment in the field of deep processing of agricultural products. The two countries have great potential for investment in the agricultural industry chain, and there is ample room for cooperation in areas such as deep processing, warehousing, and logistics of agricultural products. With the development of e-commerce, China and Ukraine can consider expanding the "online consumption" of agricultural products, carry out cross-border cooperation by means of “Internet plus Agriculture” and play the role of the Internet in promoting the trade of agricultural products. Conclusions. China and Ukraine can further expand agricultural trade, strengthen agricultural investment, promote agricultural technology cooperation and talent exchange, and jointly achieve mutually beneficial development. This not only helps promote economic growth in both countries, but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of the global agricultural market.

MODEL OF CIRCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT OF SHIP’S MOORING OPERATION USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

O.I. Sagaydak — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. Mooring operations are a critical link in the chain of technological operations of modern vessels, as their efficiency affects their safety, the safety of port workers and the environment. Failure to take into account the risks during mooring can lead to significant emergencies, equipment damage and delays in transportation processes. The proposed model of circular risk assessment allows for a more systematic approach to risk management and helps to solve the problems associated with underestimating certain threats during mooring, which is often the case in traditional approaches. Objective. The main goal is the study of a comprehensive risk assessment model (which takes into account other participants in the operation and was proposed earlier) during the vessel mooring operation. Such a model can have different risk calculation algorithms, in particular, a typical calculation (based on the classical approach) and a calculation using fuzzy sets. The results. A model of round-robin assessment of the risks of a vessel mooring operation using Internet technologies has been developed. A comparative analysis of two possible risk assessment algorithms was carried out, for one of them a program, which uses Excel capabilities was developed, which allows us to calculate automatically the result of such an assessment when input data is changed. Conclusions. The obtained results of the study make it possible to conclude that the algorithm based on fuzzy sets is more accurate compared to the usual calculation method (because the risk parameters are inherently fuzzy), but it narrows the range of possible solutions. Both algorithms are highly dependent on the correct formalization of the original data. In both cases, further research is needed. In any case, the circular risk assessment model will simplify the risk management process, partially relieve crew members and increase shipping safety due to more accurate results and almost complete elimination of the human element from the risk assessment process.

AUTOMATING THE PROCESS OF SYNTHESIS OF THE INFORMATION LEARNING ENVIRONMENT METHOD IN THE SIMULATOR CENTRE FOR NAVIGATORS’ TRAINING

A.O. Sokol — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. Modern requirements for navigators’ training set high standards for the training quality of specialists able to operate effectively in complex and unpredictable conditions. A considerable number of studies have been published in recent years in the field of navigators’ training and the use of training systems, which have evaluated the effectiveness of various training approaches. At the same time, these works do not provide specific algorithms for implementing systems in practice. The article considers the process of creating an adaptive information environment for training navigators on simulators. Objective. To focus on the synthesis of conditions that correspond to the level of training and individual success of students. As the required skills are mastered, the simulator system must change the operating parameters of the surroundings, adjusting variably to different situations to optimize the learning process. The key stages of navigators’ activities, such as object identification, decision-making and implementation, must be reproduced with a high degree of realism to develop the flexible professional skills required in non-standard situations. Effective training depends on a detailed analysis of all steps in the work of navigators and the creation of a visually and functionally accurate model of their professional environment. Results. It has been shown that fuzzy inference is used to create such a model, which makes it possible to use it to control complex systems. Conclusions. Such a model will allow us to consider those characteristics that are not reflected in the static scenario of the simulator, but which may affect decision-making in extreme situations. Training in such a model will improve the quality of a navigator’s work.

ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN CITIES

L.S. Abramova, А.V. Rohov, H.H. Ptytsia — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. Traffic management has become a critical issue for large cities due to the continuous increase in the number of vehicles. As the transport network remains unchanged, the frequency of road congestion rises, adversely affecting the reliability of travel and metrics for social and environmental safety. Thus, there is a need for innovative technological solutions that hold both scientific and practical value. Purpose. This article is dedicated to developing adaptive traffic flow management in specific city network areas to ensure sustainable vehicle movement by coordinating optimal traffic light cycles at intersections. Results. The study provides a description of a traffic management framework in urban areas that implements a multi-level hierarchical control principle across corresponding levels – local, tactical, strategic, and decision-making. Functional models are established to facilitate adaptive management, accounting for changes in network capacity from its normative value to the actual capacity. Control functions at the respective levels are carried out by road controllers and regulatory technical devices. Adaptive management involves defining control effects on the traffic flow according to real-time conditions, including traffic light cycle duration at intersections in a designated area and traffic flow speed on the road segments. An informational model of the traffic network zone has been developed in the form of a graph, incorporating models of intersections and road segments, distribution matrices of traffic flow intensity at intersections, and the topological characteristics of the research area. Geographic coordinates are automatically determined based on the city map, defining their spatial orientation. This enables the identification of junction points and traffic directions within the research zone. Conclusions. The article presents analytical models of intersections and road segments and addresses the optimization of traffic light cycle durations with the determination of traffic speed when approaching intersections. The development of models based on the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 software environment and GPS systems has been implemented in practical applications. This approach allows for alleviating traffic congestion, reducing travel time, and improving ecological indicators of urban traffic.

FORMATION OF THE OPTIMAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION IN CONTAINERS

H.S. Baulina, H.Ye. Bohomazova, S.M. Prodashchuk, O.V. Kovalova — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. Containerized cargo transportation in Ukraine has only begun to develop actively in recent years. However, compared to other countries, the system of container transportation by rail remains underdeveloped. Container transportation plays a key role in the sustainable development of the transport system both domestically and internationally, as it promotes the use of combined modes of transport and ensures their effective interaction. Purpose. This paper formalizes the optimization technology of the transport process of cargo transportation in containers by rail to the port by reducing operating costs during the formation and movement of a container train and taking into account possible delays in cargo delivery. Results. A study of the current state of container transportation in Ukraine was conducted, which showed an active growth in volumes since 2023, especially in export traffic, including in the direction of ports. An analysis of the interaction between seaports and railway stations has shown the existence of problems related to the organization of the formation and departure of container trains. The author proposes an optimization model that is stochastic in nature and takes into account possible delays of a container train. Such delays arise due to interruptions and disruptions at different stages of the transportation process and are described by a normal distribution law. The use of this model helps to reduce operating costs by reducing the idle time of wagons at the junction station of the container terminal and the port station, and also leads to a reduction in the turnaround time of a freight car. Taking into account the data obtained on the places of delays and the reasons for their occurrence, it is necessary to provide time reserves for the transportation of container trains. Conclusions. The proposed technology can be useful both for railway and maritime transport workers, as well as for shippers and consignees who ship their goods in containers. Given the feedback from adjacent transport companies, it is possible to maximize the efficiency of this technology.

“SMART PORTS” AS AN INNOVATIVE VECTOR OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF PORTS: FROM IDEA TO CONCEPT AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

О.V. Kyryllova, V.Yu. Kyryllova — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Introduction. The modern global economy is undergoing transformations driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by intensive digitalization and technological innovations. Seaports are becoming hubs of these changes. The rapid growth of trade and heightened competition compel port authorities and operators to modernize equipment and update technological processes, taking into account new standards for “green” solutions and climate requirements. As traditional management methods no longer meet demands for productivity, precision, environmental sustainability, and safety, there is an urgent need to transition to the “Smart ports” concept. This concept involves the use of intelligent technologies to optimize operations, automate processes, and digitalize ports. Purpose. The aim of the article is to investigate the evolution of the “Smart ports” concept as a new paradigmatic vector of digitalization and automation in the port industry, encompassing the identification of its historical foundations, analysis of key global case studies of successful implementation, and exploration of modern technological solutions and challenges arising in the course of its international integration. Results. The article analyzes the evolution of the «Smart ports» concept, which emerged in response to global challenges of digitalization and automation in the port industry. Special attention is given to innovative solutions such as integration platforms and automated management systems, which enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of ports. Successful cases are discussed, particularly in the ports of Hamburg, Rotterdam, and Singapore, where digital solutions enhance port capacity and customer service quality. Emphasis is placed on digitalization and automation in port management, which reduces the risks associated with human factors. It is proposed to differentiate the notions “idea”, “paradigm” and “concept” of “Smart ports”, where the idea serves as the initial impetus for technology adoption, the paradigm represents a system of new perspectives and approaches to port management, and the concept encompasses specific solutions and mechanisms for their digital implementation. This distinction fosters a better understanding of the stages of digital transformation in ports and allows for the assessment of each stage’s contribution to the formation of modern port infrastructure. Conclusions. The approach formulated in the article demonstrates the evolution of the “Smart ports” concept as a gradual integration of digital and automated technologies at sequential stages: from the inception of the idea and the formation of the paradigm to conceptualization and practical implementation in the global port industry. The research reveals new aspects of integrating innovations into port systems, which will serve as a basis for further scientific developments. The analysis takes into account global trends in the development of automated and digital systems, allowing for the identification of directions for future research. Thus, the article contributes to increasing scientific interest in the “Smart ports” concept and stimulates the exploration of new technological solutions in port operations. The conclusions will be useful for both practitioners in port management and researchers dealing with issues of innovative port infrastructure.